Application and principle of electromagnet
Application
Electromagnets are widely used in daily life. Electromagnets are an application of current magnetic effects (electromagnetism), which are closely related to life, such as electromagnetic relays, electromagnetic cranes, maglev trains, etc. The electromagnet can be divided into two types: direct current electromagnet and alternating current electromagnet.
If electromagnets are classified according to their use, they can be divided into five main categories:
(1) traction electromagnets, which are mainly used to tract mechanical devices, open or close various valves, to perform automatic control tasks.
(2) lifting magnet is used as lifting device to hoist ferromagnetic materials such as steel ingots, steel and iron sand.
(3) brake electromagnet is mainly used for braking the motor to achieve accurate parking.
(4) Electromagnetic systems of automatic appliances, such as electromagnetic relays and contactors, electromagnetic release of automatic switches and operating electromagnets.
(5) electromagnets for other purposes, such as the electromagnetic sucker of the grinder and electromagnetic vibrator.
Principle
When the solenoid is electrified, a magnetic field like a magnetic iron bar can be generated. The circle in the diagram is the cross-section of the wire, the point represents the current out of the screen, the fork represents the flow into the screen; the elliptical circle with the arrow is the magnetic line. A magnetic field is produced when a direct current passes through a conductor, and a magnetic field similar to a rod magnet is produced when it passes through a conductor that forms a Solenoid. If a magnetic material is added to the center of the solenoid, the magnetic material will be magnetized to enhance the magnetic field.
Generally speaking, the magnetic field intensity produced by the electromagnet is related to the size of DC current, the number of coils and the magnetic conducting material in the center. When designing the electromagnet, the distribution of coils and the selection of conducting material will be paid attention to, and the magnetic field intensity will be controlled by the size of DC current. However, the material of the coil has resistance which limits the magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the electromagnet, but with the discovery and application of superconductors there will be opportunities to break through the existing limitations.
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